On November 20, 2025, I had the opportunity to discuss China’s ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ (BRI)—a key development partner for Bangladesh—at a roundtable titled “BRI in Bangladesh: Problems, Potentials and Way Forward,” jointly organized by CLEAN and The Business Standard. China is currently our largest trading partner and a major driving force in infrastructure development. Since joining the BRI in 2016, investment commitments exceeding $24 billion in key sectors, such as transport, energy, and technology, have played a crucial role in keeping our economy moving forward. Projects like the Padma Bridge Rail Link, Payra Thermal Power Plant, and various grid developments are not only boosting our GDP but also creating opportunities to transform Bangladesh into a regional connectivity hub. Notably, Chinese technological assistance and finance could be a “game changer” in achieving our goal of 40% renewable energy by 2040.
However, we must also consider the other side of the coin. This immense potential is intertwined with significant risks and challenges. The interest rates on Chinese loans are relatively high, and a lack of transparency in many contract clauses raises concerns about a long-term “debt trap”—experiences in Sri Lanka and Pakistan serve as cautionary tales for us. Research indicates that approximately 59% of BRI projects are plagued by poor governance or pose environmental risks. Incidents like those in Banshkhali, involving allegations of labor and human rights violations as well as environmental pollution, are creating a trust deficit locally. Furthermore, maintaining a neutral stance amidst geopolitical conflicts remains a major challenge for Bangladesh.
Moving forward, our primary goal should be to transform this relationship into a model of “sustainable and equitable cooperation.” To derive the maximum benefit from the BRI, we must prioritize our national interest above all else. We should strictly select projects that are economically viable and environmentally friendly. It is imperative to pivot away from coal-based projects and increase investment in a “Green BRI” or the renewable energy sector. Simultaneously, bringing transparency to loan conditions and ensuring the accountability of Chinese firms is essential.
In conclusion, the BRI can undoubtedly act as a major catalyst for Bangladesh’s economic progress. However, to reap its full benefits, we must proceed not with emotion, but with caution, transparency, and strategic balance.